Gregory PECK | Eldred Gregory Peck

* 05.04.1916, La Jolla / San Diego, USA † 12.06.2003, Los Angeles, USA

Studium an University of California, Berkeley (1939 BA) * Besuch der Neighborhood Playhouse School of Dramatics, New York (2 Jahre lang) * 1942 erster Auftritt am Broadway in The Morning Star * 1943 Filmdebüt * arbeitet für verschiedene Studios * (für Jahrzehnte) einer der führenden Hollywood-Stars * 1948 Mitbegründer von La Jolla Playhouse * 1949 erste Zusammenarbeit mit Henry King (bis 1959 insgesamt 6 Filme) * seit 1958 auch als Produzent tätig * Engagement für wohltätige und künstlerische Organisationen * 1967 Mitbegründer des American Film Institute (AFI) * 1967-70 Präsident der Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences * Ideal des aufrechten Amerikaners und des romantischen Helden - "Inbegriff des linkischen Charme-Puritaners, der zu jeder Zeit und an jedem Ort furchtlos schwache Frauen beschützt" (AZ, 5.4.1991)


Er galt zu Beginn seiner Karriere, in den 1940er- und 1950er- Jahren, als der "schönste Mann Hollywoods" und hat allein durch seine Körpergröße von 1,90 m auch im hohen Alter eine beeindruckende Figur gemacht. Seine Attraktivität, die ihm selbst stets ein wenig peinlich war, brachte den Medizinstudenten überhaupt erst ans Theater - ans Studententheater der Berkeley University, ein Professor hat ihn entdeckt. Während des 2. Weltkrieges kam er nach Hollywood, wo zu jener Zeit ein großer Bedarf an Nachwuchstalenten bestand. Schon sein zweiter Film "Schlüssel zum Himmelreich" (1944) führte zu einer Oscarnominierung. Er etablierte sich als einer der führenden Hollywood-Stars. "Er war in allen Genres einsetzbar und wirkte durch seine unaufdringliche, fast hölzern steife, aufrechte und wortkarge Art äußerst sympathisch" (Cinema Star-Lexikon). Weitere Oscarnominierungen folgten für "Ich kämpfe um Dich" (1945), "Die Wildnis ruft" (1946), "Tabu der Gerechten" (1947) und "Der Kommandeur" (1949). Er gewann den Oscar als moralisch bedrängter Anwalt Atticus Finch in dem Südstaatendrama "Wer die Nachtigall stört" (1962). Das sei die Rolle, die Peck am meisten entsprochen habe, meinten Kritiker. Vor einigen Jahren hat das Amerikanische Filminstitut Atticus Finch zum größten Leinwandhelden Hollywoods erklärt. Zu weiteren Höhepunkten seiner Karriere zählten "Moby Dick" (1956) und "Old Gringo" (1989). Gregory Peck war ein überzeugter Pazifist und ein Liberaler, der sich zeitlebens sozial engagierte. Zu seinen zahlreichen Auszeichnungen gehört die "Medal of Freedom", der höchste zivile Orden der USA. [MDR, April 2011]

FILMS

Days of Glory (1943/44-USA * Jacques Tourneur / Vladimir)
The Keys of the Kingdom (Schlüssel zum Himmelreich, 1944-USA * John M. Stahl / Francis Chisholm)
The Valley of Decision (Die Entscheidung, 1944-USA * R: Tay Garnett, B: John Meehan, Sonya Levien / Roman von Marcia Davenport, K: Joseph Ruttenberg, M: Herbert Stothart, D: Greer Garson, GP-Paul Scott) 119m-Drama
Spellbound (Ich kämpfe um Dich, 1944-USA * Alfred Hitchcock / John Ballantine)
Duel in the Sun (Duell in der Sonne, 1945-USA * King Vidor / Lewt McCanles
The Yearling (Die Wildnis ruft, 1946-USA * Clarence Brown / Pa Baxter)
The Macomber Affair (Affäre Macomber, 1946-USA * Zoltan Korda / Robert Wilson)
Gentleman's Agreement (Tabu der Gerechten, 1947-USA * Elia Kazan / Phil Green)
The Paradine Case (Der Fall Paradin, 1946/47-USA * Alfred Hitchcock / Anthony Keane)
Yellow Sky (Herrin der toten Stadt, 1948-USA * William A. Wellman / Stretch)
The Great Sinner (Der Spieler, 1948/49-USA * Robert Siodmak / Fedja)
Twelve O'Clock High (Der Kommandeur, 1949-USA * Henry King / Frank Savage)
The Gunfighter (Der Scharfschütze, 1950-USA * Henry King / Jimmy Ringo)
Only the Valiant (Bis zum letzten Atemzug, 1950/51-USA * Gordon Douglas / Richard Lance)
Captain Horatio Hornblower (Des Königs Admiral, 1950-USA * Raoul Walsh / Horatio Hornblower)
David and Bathsheba (David und Bathseba, 1951-USA * Henry King / David)
The World in His Arms (Sturmfahrt nach Alaska, 1951-USA * Raoul Walsh / Kapitän Jonathan Clark)
The Snows of Kilimanjaro (Schnee am Kilimandscharo, 1952-USA * Henry King / Harry Street)
Roman Holiday (Ein Herz und eine Krone, 1952-USA * William Wyler / Joe Bradley)
Night People (Das unsichtbare Netz, 1953-USA * Nunnally Johnson / Steve Van Dyke)
The Million Pound Note (Sein größter Bluff, 1953-GB * Ronald Neame / Henry Adams)
The Purple Plain (Flammen über Fernost, 1954-GB * Robert Parrish / Major Forrester)
Moby Dick (Moby Dick, 1954/55-GB * John Huston / Kapitän Ahab)
The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (Der Mann im grauen Flanell, 1956-USA * Nunnally Johnson / Tom Rath)
Designing Woman (Warum hab' ich ja gesagt ?, 1956-USA * Vincente Minnelli / Mike Hagen)
The Bravados (Bravados, 1958-USA * Henry King / Jim Douglas)
The Big Country (Weites Land, 1958-USA * William Wyler / James McKay)
Pork Chop Hill (Mit Blut geschrieben, 1958-USA; R: Lewis Milestone, B: James R. Webb, K: Sam Leavitt, M: Leonard Rosenman, D: GP-Lieutenant Joseph [Joe] Clemons, Harry Guardino) 97m-Kriegsdrama (Buch von S.L.A. Marshall)
Beloved Infidel (Die Krone des Lebens, 1959-USA * Henry King / F. Scott Fitzgerald)
# On the Beach (Das letzte Ufer, 1959-USA * Stanley Kramer ... Dwight Towers) (Roman von Nevil Shute) (01-03; 5912)
# The Guns of Navarone (Die Kanonen von Navarone, 1960-GB * J. Lee Thompson ... Captain Keith Mallory) (Roman von Alistair MacLean) (6104)
Cape Fear (Ein Köder für die Bestie, 1961-USA * J. Lee Thompson / Sam Bowden)
How the West Was Won (Das war der Wilde Westen, 1961-USA; R: John Ford, George Marshall, Henry Hathaway, B: James R. Webb, K: William H. Daniels, Milton Krasner, Charles Lang, Joseph LaShelle, M: Alfred Newman, D: Carroll Baker, Lee J. Cobb, Henry Fonda, Carolyn Jones, Karl Malden, GP-Cleve Van Valen, George Peppard, Robert Preston, Debbie Reynolds, James Stewart, Eli Wallach, John Wayne, Richard Widmark) 155m-Episodenwestern
To Kill a Mockingbird (Wer die Nachtigall stört, 1962-USA; R: Robert Mulligan, B: Horton Foote, K: Russell Harlan, M: Elmer Bernstein, D: GP-Atticus Finch) 129m-Drama (Roman von Harper Lee)
Captain Newman, M.D. (Captain Newman, 1963-USA * David Miller / Captain Newman)
Behold a Pale Horse (Deine Zeit ist um, 1963/64-USA/F * Fred Zinnemann / Manuel Artiguez)
Mirage (Die 27. Etage, 1964-USA * Edward Dmytryk / David Stillwell)
# Arabesque (Arabeske, 1965-GB; R: Stanley Donen, B: Julian Mitchell, Stanley Price, Pierre Marton, K: Christopher Challis, M: Henry Mancini, D: GP-Professor David Pollock, Sophia Loren) 105m-Thriller (Roman von Gordon Cotler) (05-08; 6607)
Mackenna's Gold (Mackenna's Gold, 1967-USA * J. Lee Thompson / Mackenna)
The Stalking Moon (Der große Schweiger, 1967/68-USA * Robert Mulligan / Sam Varner)
The Most Dangerous Man in the World (Der gefährlichste Mann der Welt, 1968/69-GB * J. Lee Thompson / John)
Marooned (Verschollen im Weltraum, 1969-USA * John Sturges / Charles Keith)
I Walk the Line (Der Sheriff, 1969/70-USA * John Frankenheimer / Henry Tawes)
# Shoot Out (Shoot Out - Abrechnung in Gun Hill, 1970-USA * Henry Hathaway ... Clay Lomax) (Buch von Will James) (10-12; 7108)
# Billy Two Hats / The Lady and the Outlaw (Begrabt die Wölfe in der Schlucht, 1973-GB; R: Ted Kotcheff, B: Alan Sharp, K: Brian West, M: John Scott, D: GP-Deans, Desi Arnaz, Jr) 99m-Western
The Omen (Das Omen, 1975/76-USA; R: Richard Donner, B: David Seltzer, K: Gilbert Taylor, M: Jerry Goldsmith, D: GP-Robert Thorn, Lee Remick) 111m-Horror
MacArthur (MacArthur - Held des Pazifiks, 1976/77-USA * Joseph Sargent / General Douglas MacArthur)
# The Boys from Brazil (The Boys from Brazil, 1977/78-USA * Franklin J. Schaffner ... Dr. Josef Mengele) (Roman von Ira Levin, 1976) (10-03; 7810)
# The Sea Wolves (Die Seewölfe kommen, 1979-GB; R: Andrew V. McLaglen, B: Reginald Rose, K: Tony Imi, M: Roy Budd, D: GP-Colonel Lewis Pugh, Roger Moore, David Niven, Trevor Howard) 118/22m-Kriegsabenteuer (Buch von James Leasor)
Amazing Grace and Chuck (Schweigende Stimmen, 1987-USA * Mike Newell / Präsident)
Old Gringo (Old Gringo, 1989-USA * Luis Puenzo / Ambrose Bierce)
Other People's Money (Das Geld anderer Leute, 1991-USA * Norman Jewison / Andrew Jorgenson)
Cape Fear (Kap der Angst, 1991-USA * Martin Scorsese / Lee Heller)

AWARDS

Golden Globe für The Yearling (bester Darsteller, 1947)
New York Film Critics Circle Award für Twelve O'Clock High (bester Darsteller, 1950)
Academy Award (Oscar) für To Kill a Mockingbird (bester Hauptdarsteller, 1963)
Golden Globe für To Kill a Mockingbird (bester Darsteller – Kategorie Drama, 1963)
David /di Donatello/ für To Kill a Mockingbird (bester ausländischer Darsteller, 1963)
Cecil B. DeMille Award [Golden Globes - 1969]
Life Achievement Award [Screen Actors Guild - 1971]
Career Achievement Award [National Board of Review - 1983]
Donostia-Preis (für sein Lebenswerk) [Filmfestival San Sebastián 1986]
Life Achievement Award [American Film Institute - 1989]
Spezialpreis (für sein Lebenswerk) [Filmfestspiele Cannes 1989)
Goldener Ehrenbär [Berlinale 1993]
Ehren-César (1995)
Ehrenpreis [Deutscher Filmpreis 1998]

BOOKS

Michael Esser [Red.]: Gregory Peck: Hommage. Berlin: [Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek], 1993 - 79 S.


Gerard Molyneaux: Gregory Peck: A Bio-Bibliography. Westport/London: Greenwood Press, 1995

Born in 1916 in La Jolla, California, Gregory Peck took up acting in college on a lark that would lead to a career. In his early years, he appeared in a series of summer stock engagements and Broadway shows. He became a star within a year after arriving in Hollywood during World War II, and he won an Academy Award nomination for his second film. From the 1940s to the present, he has played some of film's most memorable and admired characters. This volume provides complete information about Gregory Peck's work in film, television, radio, and the stage. Entries are included for all of his performances, with each entry providing cast and credit information, a plot summary, excerpts from reviews, and critical commentary. A biography and chronology highlight significant events in his life, while a listing of his honors and awards summarizes the recognition he has received over the years. For researchers seeking additional information, the book includes descriptions of special collections holding material related to Peck's work, along with an extensive bibliography of books and articles. > Table of Contents: Preface * Acknowledgments * Biography * Chronology * Stage * Filmography * Radio * Television * Sound Recordings * Honors and Awards * Special Collections * Bibliography * Index > 376 pages, figures, photographs

Michael Munn: Gregory Peck. London: Robert Hale, 1998

An icon of the silver screen, Gregory Peck is one of those rare actors who can command an audience's attention by his mere presence. This biography tells the story of that man whose career has endured for over 50 years. Peck came to Hollywood during WWII and began his remarkable career by making no less than sixteen films before his screen debut, Days of Glory, had even been seen by the public. He received four Oscar nominations during his first six years in the movies before finally winning for his outstanding performance in To Kill A Mockingbird. Yet, it is his commercial successes in such films as Moby Dick, Duel in the Sun, The Omen and MacArthur, that made him the powerful acting force for several generations. > 240 pages

Gary Fishgall: Gregory Peck: A Biography. New York: Scribner, 2002

An authoritative biography, the first ever written with the actor's cooperation, traces the illustrious career of this extremely private man who starred in such film classics as Roman Holiday, Horatio Hornblower, and To Kill a Mockingbird, revealing the many personal roles he has played in his life, from husband and friend to dedicated activist. > 384 pages

Lynn Haney: Gregory Peck: A Charmed Life. London: Robson Books, 2005

Gregory Peck ranks with Cary Grant as one of the most charismatic and timeless leading men of twentieth-century cinema. In this powerful and comprehensive biography, Lynn Haney explores the many influences in Peck's life, drawing on extensive first-hand interviews with the actor and with his inner circle. Here, Ingrid Bergman, Jennifer Jones, Audrey Hepburn, Sophia Loren, Lauren Bacall, Jane Fonda and many of Peck's other leading ladies offer their frank and revealing stories about the enigmatic star. The book contains many revelations about Peck's early days and Haney looks at the films that established him as a star, from 'Roman Holiday' to 'To Kill a Mockingbird', documenting his story right up to the present day. > 475 p.; [16] plates. filmog. bibliog. index
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